A taqasim features a solo free improvisation on a selected musical scale (set of notes; a musical scale is called maqam in Arabic). A taqasim is almost always in free rhythm (non-metrical). The solo melodic line can be accompanied by a drone (continuous note) played by another instrument. It also features extensive ornamentation. Middle Eastern singing is intimately related to the phonatory behavior of. Cal characteristic because this quality of sound is commonly used in Middle. Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Tunisia, Bahrain, Iraq and Morocco.
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. The Arab tone system; that is, amusical tuning system that relies on specificinterval structures and was invented by al-Farabi inthe 10th century (p. A Maqam tone level exampleThough it wouldbe incorrect to call it a modal, for the Arabic systemis more complex than that of the Greek modes, the basisof Arabic music is the maqam (pl.
Maqamat), which lookslike the mode, but is not quite the same. The tonicnote, dominant note, and ending note (unless modulationoccurs) are generally determined by the maqam used.Arabic maqam theory as ascribed in literature over theages names between 90 and 110 maqams, that are groupedinto larger categories known as fasilah. Fasilah aregroupings of maqams whose first four primary pitches areshared in common. 22 Jins/Ajnas. Front and rear views of anoud.The prototypicalArabic music ensemble in Egypt and Syria is known as thetakht, and includes, (or included at different timeperiods) instruments such as the 'oud, qānūn, rabab,ney, violin (introduced in the 1840s or 50s), riq anddumbek. In Iraq, the traditional ensemble, known as thechalghi, includes only two melodic instruments - thejowza (similar to the rabab but with four strings) andsantur- accompanied by the riq and dumbek.The Arab worldhas incorporated instruments from the West, includingthe electric guitar, cello, double bass and oboe, andincorporated influences from jazz and other foreignmusical styles. The singers remained the stars, however,especially after the development of the recording andfilm industry in the 1920s in Cairo.
These singingcelebrities include Abd el-Halim Hafez, Farid AlAttrach, Asmahan, Sayed Darwish, Mohammed Abd el-Wahaab,Warda Al-Jazairia, and possibly the biggest star ofmodern Arab classical music, Umm Kulthum. Information courtesy of Wikipedia Encyclopedia.